Laryngoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the larynx, or voice box, which is located in the throat. This examination is performed using a laryngoscope, a specialized instrument equipped with a camera and light source. The procedure allows healthcare providers to visualize the vocal cords and surrounding structures to diagnose and evaluate conditions affecting the larynx, voice, and upper airway. The procedure is indicated when patients exhibit symptoms such as persistent hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, unexplained voice changes, or suspected tumors or lesions in the larynx. It is also employed to investigate chronic cough, airway obstruction, or assess injuries to the larynx. These symptoms may arise from various conditions including laryngeal cancer, vocal cord polyps, laryngitis, or trauma to the throat. Laryngoscopy can be performed in two main ways: direct and indirect. Direct laryngoscopy involves inserting a rigid or flexible laryngoscope directly into the throat to provide a detailed view of the larynx and surrounding areas. Indirect laryngoscopy uses a mirror or a flexible fiber-optic laryngoscope to view the larynx through the mouth or nose. The choice of technique depends on the clinical scenario and the specific information needed. Complications from laryngoscopy, while relatively uncommon, can include discomfort, gagging, bleeding, and infection. In rare cases, there might be damage to the larynx or teeth. Following the procedure, patients might experience a temporary sore throat or hoarseness. To manage any discomfort and ensure proper recovery, healthcare providers give specific aftercare instructions and may schedule follow-up visits. Laryngoscopy is a crucial tool in diagnosing and managing laryngeal conditions, guiding treatment decisions, and improving patient outcomes.
